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Cancer is a disease in which some parts of the body cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body whereby impacting organs. Cancer can start in any part of the body/organs and spread to adjoining parts. The other names of cancer are neoplasm and malignant tumour. Cancer when detected early will respond to treatment better.

Cancer treatment includes –

• Surgery – An operation where doctors cut out the tissue with cancer cells
• Chemotherapy – Specific medicines that shrink and kills the cancerous cells
• Radiation Therapy – Usage of rays
• Hormone Therapy – Type of treatment where the hormones that cater to growth of the cancerous cells are blocked

The cost of cancer treatment ranges from INR 90,000 to INR 25,00,000. This is an indicative cost and may vary considering complexity and stage of cancer.

Thallassemia is an inherited blood disorder caused when the body does not make enough hemoglobin. Thallessemia can be well-managed with blood transfusions and chelation therapy. Mild forms of thallessemia may not need treatment but severe forms require blood transfusions or a donor stem-cell transplant. The only way to know that you carry traits of Thallassemia is to have a special type of test called hemoglobin electrophoresis. Thallassemia can be of three types – Minor, Intermedia and Major.

Regular blood transfusion is the only treatment available to thalassemia patients. Most thalassemia patients require transfusions every 2 -4 weeks, depending on the individuals consumption of infused cells.

A stem cell transplant is the only way that can cure thalassemia.

Every blood transfusion may cost approximately INR 15,000. The stem cell transplant may cost between INR 25,00,000 to INR 35,00,000.

The knee replacement surgery also known as knee arthroplasty replaces parts of worn – out or injured knees. This surgery can help patients to ease the pain whereby making the knee work better. Knee replacement surgery is a common procedure that takes 1 to 2 hours and the recovery time ranges from 6 months to 12 months.

After the knee replacement surgery, the patient would be restricted from few physical activities which he/she can start post recovery stage when advised by the doctor.

The cost of knee replacement surgery may vary from INR 1,50,000 to INR 11,00,000.

Hip replacement surgery is a procedure in which the hip joint is replaced by a prosthetic implant. Hip replacement can be performed as a total or hemi/semi replacement. The surgical procedure usually takes 1 – 2 hours. The recovery time from hip replacement surgery ranges from 4 weeks – 6 weeks, however, everyone recovers differently. It is recommended to avoid extreme movements or sports which involves risk of falling.

The cost of hip replacement surgery ranges from INR 3,00,000 – INR 6,00,000.

The surgical excision and removal of a tumor or abnormal growth in the brain and its surrounding tissues is known as brain tumor surgery. For the treatment of brain tumors, brain tumor surgery is frequently used and is dependent on a number of variables, including the location of the tumor, the patient’s health, the diagnosis, whether or not the operation would be useful to the patient, etc.

Regular blood transfusion is the only treatment available to thalassemia patients. Most thalassemia patients require transfusions every 2 -4 weeks, depending on the individuals consumption of infused cells.

For brain tumor surgery in India, If a brain tumor is identified in an area where surgery is an option, doctors would try to carefully remove as much of the tumor as they could. Some brain tumors can be completely removed during surgery because they are so tiny and simple to separate from the surrounding brain tissue. The extent of the tumor’s removal will depend on the safety of the situation.

The cost of brain tumor surgery ranges from INR 2,50,000 to INR 6,00,000

Orthopedics deals with issues related to musculoskeletal systems. This department deals with both surgical and non-surgical to treat musculoskeletal trauma, spine disorders, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors and congenital disorders.

ACL reconstruction

In ACL reconstruction surgery, the torn ligament is replaced with a tissue graft. After the surgery, patient would restore stability. Depending on the severity of ACL, the patient may be advised for rehabilitation exercises to help you regain strength and stability. Doctors typically use arthroscopic surgery on ACL.

The cost of hip replacement surgery ranges from INR 3,00,000 – INR 6,00,000.

Rheumatoid Arthiritis Treatment

Rheumatoid Arthiritis or RA is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease which means that immune system attacks healthy cells in your body by mistake, causing inflammation (swelling) in the affected parts of the body. RA mainly affects joints of the body. Severe RA may impact the internal organs as well. There is no cure for this disease, however, physiotherapy and medication may slow the disease progression.

The cost of treating Rheumatoid Arthiritis starts from INR 5000. There would be recurring cost of physiotherapy and medications.

Limb Lengthening

This is the procedure to lengthen the bones in arms and legs. This is a gradual process so that the bones and soft tissues slowly increase in length. Typically the process takes several months. Limb lengthening can also be combined with deformity correction.

The cost of limb lengthening ranges from INR 1,50,000 to 9,00,000

Arthroscopy

Arthroscopy is a procedure for diagnosing and treating joint problems. This is a minimally invasive surgical procedure on a joint in which an examination and sometimes treatment of damage is performed using an arthroscope, an endoscope that is inserted into the joint through a small incision.

The cost of arthroscopy ranges from INR 80,000 to INR 1,50,000

Male Infertility

Male fertility relies on the testicles making enough healthy sperm. The sperm needs to be released from the penis into the vagina, where it has to travel to the waiting egg. Tests for male infertility try to find out whether there are treatable problems with any of these steps.

You may have a physical exam that includes a check of your genitals. Specific infertility tests may include:

• Semen analysis. Your health care team may ask for one or more samples of your semen. Often, you collect semen by masturbating or by stopping sex to ejaculate into a clean container. Then a lab checks your semen sample. In some cases, urine may be tested to find out if it contains sperm.
• Hormone testing. You may get a blood test to check your level of testosterone and other male hormones.
• Genetic testing. This may be done to find out whether a genetic defect is the cause of infertility.
• Testicular biopsy. This procedure removes a small amount of testicle tissue so a lab can check it under a microscope. It's not common to need a biopsy during infertility testing. Rarely, it may be done to find out whether there is a blockage in the reproductive tract that keeps sperm from leaving the body in semen. Most of the time, this diagnosis can be made based on your history, physical exam and lab tests. Other times, a biopsy may be done to find conditions that contribute to infertility. Or it may be used to collect sperm for assisted reproductive techniques, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF).
• Imaging. In some cases, your health care team may recommend tests that make pictures of the inside of your body. For example, ultrasound can check for problems in the scrotum, in the glands that make fluids that become semen or in the tube that carries sperm out of the testicles. A brain MRI can check for tumors of the pituitary gland that are not cancer. These tumors can cause the gland to make too much of the hormone prolactin, which could lead the body to make less sperm or none.
• Other testing. In rare cases, other tests may be done to check the quality of your sperm. For example, a semen sample may need to be checked for problems with DNA that might damage sperm.

Female Infertility

Fertility for women relies on the ovaries releasing healthy eggs. The reproductive tract must let an egg pass into the fallopian tubes and join with sperm. Then the fertilized egg must travel to the uterus and attach to the lining. Tests for female infertility try to find problems with any of those steps.

You may have a physical exam, including a regular pelvic exam. Infertility tests may include:

• Ovulation testing. A blood test measures hormone levels to find out whether you're ovulating.
• Thyroid function test. This blood test can be done if your health care team thinks your infertility might be related to a problem with the thyroid gland. If the gland makes too much or little thyroid hormone, that could play a role in fertility trouble.
• Hysterosalpingography. Hysterosalpingography (his-tur-o-sal-ping-GOG-ruh-fee) checks on the condition of the uterus and fallopian tubes. It also looks for blockages in the fallopian tubes or other problems. Special dye is injected into the uterus, and an X-ray is taken.
• Ovarian reserve testing. This helps your care team find out how many eggs you have for ovulation. The method often begins with hormone testing early in the menstrual cycle.
• Other hormone tests. These check the levels of hormones that control ovulation. They also check pituitary hormones that control processes involved in having a baby.
• Imaging tests. Pelvic ultrasound looks for diseases of the uterus or ovaries. Sometimes a test called a saline infusion sonogram is used to see details inside the uterus that can't be seen on a regular ultrasound. Another name for the saline infusion test is a sonohysterogram (son-o-his-ter-OH-gram).

Treatment may also include Hysteroscopy and Laproscopy.

The cost of infertility treatment ranges from INR 50,000 to INR 5,00,000